I don’t think so - currently in OSM we have nothing that explicitly says:
- What languages are actually used in a particular place.
- What languages are on the road signs if I’m trying to follow directions there.
- If there is a locally-accepted names compromise in use (“Derry/Londonderry” or similar)
For example, about the first place name I learnt in Finland was Eteläinen Rautatiekatu**, because I was staying in a hotel there. The street name was in both Finnish and Swedish, but despite that most people weren’t fluent in Swedish (FWIW the main language used in other parts of Finland is different)
Currently in Helsinki places have “name” matching “name:fi”, which is correct for “asking for directions” but not for “reading the street signs”.
** South Railway Street. When I first went this was still a railway line.