I would be carefully here. This task is by far easy and if relations are involved it is probably only a task for experts. In fact the description of the task does not even mention relations, so far.
I took a random look at two examples and both are correct tagging and the short ways are correct:
- Way: 542939854 | OpenStreetMap is a short bridge. Maybe it is not at the exact position but it is not possible to combine the way with one of its adjutant ways.
- Way: Mechelseweg (20445360) | OpenStreetMap is a short way between a bridge and an intersection. This is a common situation if mapped in detail as the intersection is not directly at the end of the bridge but some meters beyond. Looking at the route relations there is nothing to do as some relations split at the intersection. In fact, the way misses some memberships and relations are broken but that is not part of the task.
Now, I wonder how you find these ways. I would have expected to get short ways which have identical tags and memberships with one of the adjacent ways but that is obviously not the case and I fear atm you list a lot of false positives.
Please, take a step back and rethink about the task. Thanks.