Nope. In the third edition of A-Z Encyklopedia Popularna PWN from 1966 I have found the following, very laconic entry:
Karl-Marx-Stadt (dawn. Chemnitz), m. przem. w NRD; 286 100 mieszk. (1961).
So I guess that old_name:pl would be the same as German one, since no one has bothered to polonize it back then.
“Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego” you have mentioned as the source has been discontinued in 1902. So it’s super old.
If that’s the most recent mention of the name, it’s old:name at best (and even this could be disputed).
Ich schlage vor, name:de in einige Stadte/Seen in Litauen zu andern. Zum Beispiel:
https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2433407#map=12/54.8667/24.1514&layers=N
Kaunaser Meer → Kauener Stausee, weil hier es kein Meer gibt,
Keine name:de → Kauen/Schaulen/Ponewiesch/Mariampol nur fur bedeutende Stadte
“even this could be disputed”
Czyli według ciebie mamy usunąć wszystkie tłumaczenia “Konstantynopol”, mimo, że to bardzo dobrze udokumentowana nazwa historyczna.