A tram line (or any set of railway tracks) is tagged embedded=yes along street-running segments. Conversely, the roadway is tagged embedded_rails=yes. By analogy, a roadway can be tagged sidewalk:right=separate and the sidewalk can be tagged footway=sidewalk (which implies that it runs alongside something). In principle, this should also apply if something else like a bike path has a sidewalk running alongside it.
To be clear, this is not an alternative to generally adhering to the physical separation principle. It’s merely a strategy to mitigate one of the dissociative effects of mapping separate ways. Another is that the name of the path to follow becomes more difficult for routers to access, a problem that is still open for debate.