Huh? I don’t see how you can read this in my text?
Bicycle routing should always honour the bicycle=yes tag. Because it means that you are allowed to cycle there.
If your country’s expressways allow cycling and are tagged as an OSM-type that allows cycling, there is no need to tag bicycle access as yes, because it is already implicit/default.
If the expressway does not allow cycling, and is tagged as an OSM-type that does not allow cycling, again there is no need to tag bicycle access as no.
If the expressway does allow cycling, but it is tagged as an OSM-type that does not, bicycle=yes indicates the situation and routers can route this road.
If the expressway does not allow cycling, but is tagged as an OSM-type that does, bicycle=no indicates the situation and routers can route this road.
If the expressway has an accompanying side path especially for cycling, then that path is a cycleway, and bicycle=designated is implicit.
What did I miss?