You should use Umap for clustering. Guides seem oudated. uMap/Guide/Import data with Overpass - OpenStreetMap Wiki

  1. Copy the link from “raw data directly from Overpass API” in “export”
  2. Create a new layer in Umap
  3. Change layer type from “default” to “clustered” near the top
  4. In “Remote data” below, paste the link in url, and change data type to OSM

Unfortunately, Overpass Ultra doesn’t seem to have addSource exposed to set cluster: true= , required for clustering. That allows varying circle-color and circle-radius with step and [get, point_count] .